Petra (Mallorca), November 24, 1713 – Carmel (California), August 28, 1784
Junípero Serra y Ferrer, popularly known simply as Junipero Serra, was a Spanish Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Order. He is credited with establishing the Franciscan Missions in the Sierra Gorda, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. He founded a mission in Baja California and established eight of the 21 Spanish missions in California from San Diego to San Francisco, in what was then Spanish-occupied Alta California in the Province of Las Californias, New Spain.
Serra was beatified by Pope John Paul II on 25 September 1988 in Vatican City. Amid denunciations from Native American tribes who accused Serra of presiding over a brutal colonial subjugation, Pope Francis canonized Serra on 23 September 2015 at the Basilica of the National Schrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington, D.C.. Serra’s missionary efforts earned him the title of “Apostle of California”.
Both before and after his canonization, Serra’s reputation and missionary work during the Spanish occupation have been condemned by critics, who cite alleged mandatory conversions to Catholicism, followed by abuse of the Native American converts.
Serra’s feast day is celebrated on July 1 in the United States and on August 28 everywhere. He is considered to be the patron saint of California.
The Mission in Carmel, California, containing Serra’s remains has continued as a place of public veneration. The burial location of Serra is southeast of the altar and is marked with an inscription in the floor of the sanctuary. Other relics are remnants of the wood from Serra’s coffin on display next to the sanctuary, and personal items belonging to Serra on display in the mission museums. A bronze and marble sarcophagus depicting Serra’s life was completed in 1924 by the sculptor Jo Mora, but Serra’s remains have never been transferred to that sarcophagus.